Active Ingredient

Metformin

Metformin is a medication commonly used to help manage blood sugar levels in adults. It plays a crucial role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

This active ingredient is often prescribed when lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise alone are not enough to control blood sugar levels.

Written By Douglas C. Goldberg, MD

Reviewed By Philip Schein, MD

Last Updated 28 Nov 2025

Available Metformin Brands

Glucophage

Strengths 250 mg, 500mg, 850mg, 1000mg

Glycomet SR

Strengths 1000 mg

Glycomet

Strengths 250 mg, 500mg

Metformin

Strengths 500mg, 850mg

Metformin Uses

Metformin is primarily used to manage high blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes management
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Prevention of diabetes in high-risk individuals
Improvement of insulin sensitivity

How Metformin Works

Metformin works by reducing the amount of sugar released by the liver into the bloodstream. It also improves the body’s sensitivity to insulin, allowing for better sugar uptake by cells.

As a biguanide, it helps lower blood sugar levels without causing the pancreas to produce more insulin.

Common side effects of Metformin

Not everyone experiences side effects with Metformin, and many are mild and temporary.

Nausea
Diarrhea
Stomach upset
Loss of appetite
Metallic taste in the mouth
Headache

If you experience serious or persistent symptoms, contact your healthcare provider.

Take Metformin with meals to reduce stomach upset.
Avoid excessive alcohol consumption while on this medication.
Monitor your blood sugar levels regularly as advised by your doctor.
Inform your healthcare provider of any other medications you are taking to avoid interactions.
Do not use Metformin if you experience symptoms of lactic acidosis, such as muscle pain or difficulty breathing.

Always consult your doctor for personalized medical advice.

Frequently Asked Questions

What does Metformin do?

Metformin helps lower blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes by reducing liver glucose production and improving insulin sensitivity.

How long does it take for Metformin to work?

Metformin may start to lower blood sugar levels within a few days, but it can take a couple of weeks to see the full effect.

Is Metformin safe for long-term use?

Metformin is generally considered safe for long-term use when taken as prescribed by a healthcare professional.

Can I drink alcohol while taking Metformin?

It’s best to avoid excessive alcohol consumption while taking Metformin, as it can increase the risk of lactic acidosis.

Can Metformin cause weight loss?

Some people may experience weight loss while taking Metformin, but it is not primarily a weight loss medication.