Active Ingredient

Methotrexate

Methotrexate is a medication that belongs to the class of drugs known as antimetabolites. It is commonly used to manage certain health conditions by affecting cell growth and reducing inflammation.

This medication is often prescribed for conditions involving rapid cell division or immune system activity.

Written By Douglas C. Goldberg, MD

Reviewed By Philip Schein, MD

Last Updated 28 Nov 2025

Available Methotrexate Brands

Methotrexate

Strengths 2.5mg, 5mg, 7.5 mg, 10mg

Methotrexate Uses

Methotrexate is used to treat a variety of health conditions. It is important to use it under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

Rheumatoid arthritis
Psoriasis
Certain types of cancer
Severe cases of Crohn’s disease
Systemic lupus erythematosus

How Methotrexate Works

Methotrexate works by interfering with the growth of certain cells, especially those that reproduce quickly, such as cancer cells, bone marrow cells, and skin cells.

It inhibits an enzyme called dihydrofolate reductase, which is important for DNA synthesis and cell replication.

This action helps reduce inflammation and control the overactive immune response in autoimmune conditions.

Common side effects of Methotrexate

Not everyone experiences side effects with Methotrexate, and many side effects are mild and temporary. However, it’s important to be aware of them.

Nausea
Fatigue
Hair loss
Headache
Dizziness
Mouth sores
Stomach upset

If you experience serious or persistent side effects, contact your doctor.

Avoid alcohol while taking Methotrexate, as it can increase the risk of liver damage.
Regular blood tests may be needed to monitor your health while on this medication.
Inform your healthcare provider of any other medications you are taking to avoid interactions.
Do not use Methotrexate if you have any signs of infection or if you are pregnant.
Report any unusual symptoms such as persistent cough, fever, or shortness of breath to your doctor.

Always consult your doctor or healthcare provider for personalized medical advice.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Methotrexate used for?

Methotrexate is used to treat conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, certain cancers, and some autoimmune diseases.

How long does it take for Methotrexate to work?

The effects of Methotrexate may take several weeks to become noticeable, especially for conditions like rheumatoid arthritis.

Can Methotrexate cause side effects?

Yes, Methotrexate can cause side effects, including nausea, fatigue, and dizziness. Most side effects are mild, but consult your doctor if they persist.

Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking Methotrexate?

It is generally advised to avoid alcohol while taking Methotrexate, as it can increase the risk of liver damage.

Can Methotrexate interact with other medications?

Yes, Methotrexate can interact with other medications. It’s important to inform your healthcare provider about all the medications you are taking.