Active Ingredient

Nitrofurantoin

Nitrofurantoin is an antibiotic commonly used to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs). It works by stopping the growth of bacteria in the urinary tract.

This medication is often prescribed for adults experiencing symptoms of UTIs, such as frequent urination and pain during urination.

Written By Douglas C. Goldberg, MD

Reviewed By Philip Schein, MD

Last Updated 28 Nov 2025

Available Nitrofurantoin Brands

Nitrofurantoin

Strengths 50mg, 100mg

Nitrofurantoin Uses

Nitrofurantoin is primarily used to treat bacterial infections of the urinary tract. It is effective against a variety of bacteria that cause these infections.

Treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections
Prevention of recurring urinary tract infections
Management of acute cystitis
Reducing symptoms associated with UTIs

How Nitrofurantoin Works

Nitrofurantoin works by interfering with the bacterial enzymes responsible for building their cell walls. This action prevents the bacteria from growing and multiplying.

As a result, the bacteria are unable to spread, and the body’s immune system can effectively eliminate the infection.

This antibiotic specifically targets bacteria in the urinary tract, making it particularly useful for UTIs.

Common side effects of Nitrofurantoin

Not everyone experiences side effects with nitrofurantoin, and those that do are often mild and temporary. However, some common side effects include:

Nausea
Headache
Diarrhea
Dizziness
Loss of appetite
Stomach upset
Fatigue

If you experience any severe or persistent symptoms, it’s important to contact your doctor.

Take nitrofurantoin with food or milk to reduce stomach upset.
Avoid heavy alcohol consumption while taking this medication.
Inform your doctor about any other medications you are taking to avoid potential interactions.
Do not use nitrofurantoin if you have certain kidney conditions without consulting your doctor.
Monitor for any signs of allergic reactions, such as rash or difficulty breathing, and seek medical help if these occur.

Always consult your doctor if you have any concerns or questions about your treatment.

Frequently Asked Questions

How long does it take for nitrofurantoin to work?

Nitrofurantoin usually starts working within a few days. However, it’s important to complete the full course as prescribed by your doctor.

Can I drink alcohol while taking nitrofurantoin?

It’s best to avoid heavy alcohol consumption while taking nitrofurantoin to prevent potential interactions and side effects.

Is nitrofurantoin safe for everyone?

Nitrofurantoin is generally safe for most adults, but it may not be suitable for those with certain kidney conditions or allergies. Always consult your doctor before starting treatment.

What should I do if I miss a dose?

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular schedule. Do not double the dose.

Can nitrofurantoin be used for other types of infections?

Nitrofurantoin is specifically used for urinary tract infections and is not typically used for other types of infections.